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When one neuron transmits signals to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. They need to travel through a tiny gap known as a synapse.

Some ADHD medications help in the transmission of these messages more effective. They may help neurons release neurotransmitters faster or slow the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibiters).

Doctors begin ADHD patients on a low dosage and monitor their response. They alter the dosage as they go along to determine an "sweet spot" -- the lowest level that provides an immediate improvement in symptoms and few adverse side effects.

Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate the first medication that doctors use to treat ADHD kids, is typically Methylphenidate. It works by increasing the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in children's brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is important to keep in mind that methylphenidate is a controlled substance and should only be used under a doctor's supervision.

Ritalin is the most well-known methylphenidate drug. It's available in immediate-release tablets (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER), long-acting chewable tablets (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which is harmful for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that causes severe intellectual disabilities). Tell your provider if you or your child have food allergies.

Researchers have found that methylphenidate decreases abnormal activity in certain areas of the brain, such as the nucleus of accumbens, as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play a role in adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate has been proven to be among the most effective medications for treating ADHD.

Side effects of stimulants include headaches, nausea, sleepiness anxiety, agitation, agitation and tics. These are rare but can be serious. You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child has allergies, the presence of heart disease, bipolar disorder, depression or any other mental health issues or glaucoma, a past history of seizures or strokes or if you're taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox) and Methylene Blue, or Phenelzine (Nardil). It is essential to take your methylphenidate according to the doctor's prescription.

Amphetamines

Amphetamines boost the speed of communication between brain cells and can help you concentrate your thoughts and stay clear of distractions. They are among the most popular medications used to treat ADHD in children and adults. They increase the level of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting versions. They can be consumed orally and also via injection.

Some people have a tough to deal with the negative side effects of stimulant drugs including insomnia, restlessness, or an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the right one for you. Some patients may need to take a mixture of medications to get the desired effect.

Stimulant drugs affect two neurotransmitters that are essential to the pre-frontal cortex. This is the brain part that helps regulate emotions and control your behavior. These medications are used to treat a range of mental health problems, including ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder.

The most commonly used types of stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. The FDA has approved dozens brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in various forms - from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants. They can be consumed orally or in a injection. Amphetamines are frequently misused by teenagers who use them to stay awake and focus for exams, as well as by truck drivers and students that require an extra boost of energy to compete in endurance sports. They can also cause physical and psychological problems if used in excess, particularly coping with adhd without medication higher doses.

Non-stimulant drugs can also be effective for treating ADHD. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based with the same chemicals as stimulants, but are less likely to cause more tics which is a concern for those suffering from Tourette's syndrome.

Short-acting stimulants

These drugs are used to treat teenagers and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in patches and liquids as well as pills that can be chewed or swallowed. They are typically only available on prescription by a physician. They include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana), andamphetamines, (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants work quickly and last for 3 to 6 hours.

These medications alleviate symptoms for 70% to 80% of adults and kids with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting and interrupting, making it easier for you to complete tasks. They also help enhance academic performance and improve relationships. They can't address the root issues that create ADHD. It's important to combine them with behavior therapy.

It's also important to understand that ADHD medicines have side effects. You may feel drowsy or cranky. You may also feel sleepy. But these effects are usually minimal and will disappear once the medicine leaves your body. Your doctor may recommend taking only a small amount at first and then gradually increase the dosage. They'll watch to see how the medication affects you or your child and check for any issues.

Finding the right medication for you or your children may take some time. It is recommended to speak openly with your health care provider. They might suggest changes to the frequency at which you or your child take the medication, or even if it's needed at all. They will also want to know if you or your child has any other medical or mental conditions.

Intermediate stimulants

Stimulants are used to treat ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This helps increase the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemical compounds that are important for the function of the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (think of it as your "secretary" in the executive function part of your brain). The use of stimulants is effective for most ADHD children. Your doctor will collaborate with you to figure out what kind of medication and dosage is best for you. It is possible to test various types of medications before you find the one that is suitable for you or your kids.

You can take stimulants that release immediately in liquid form or chewable tablets. They begin to work quickly and last for three to four hours. Some people experience a problem after the medication has worn off, which is called the "crash effect." This typically results in an immediate decrease in energy and can cause extreme hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into bloodstreams and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells.

It can take time to find the correct dosage, medication, and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will track how you respond to medication and watch for problems like sleep issues. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medications.

You should never alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without talking to your doctor first. It's also important to tell your doctor about any prescription supplements or medications you're taking, because some of them can interfere with certain ADHD medications.

Long-acting stimulants

Stimulant medication is effective for 70-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD aiding in cutting down on hyperactivity, interrupting or fidgeting and impulsivity. They also help enhance focus and assist people to finish their tasks and maintain relationships. They might not help reduce moodiness, or other nagging symptoms. They may also cause negative side effects, such as sleepiness, loss of appetite and anxiety. They can also cause stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure.

The medicines work in stages and help treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. Most of these drugs begin to work within 30 to 60 minutes and wear off after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used on their own or dealing with adhd without medication other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy.

Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly like atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the next morning. Some doctors suggest taking them to fill an afternoon trough so that patients do not require a second dose at school or afterschool.

Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels as much as short- or intermediate-acting drugs, yet they raise the levels of dopamine significantly. Therefore, they don't produce the same kind of rebound effects that can occur with shorter-acting drugs.

Due to the potential for negative side effects Because of the potential for side effects, long-acting stimulants are generally prescribed as a last-line treatment for adults and older teens suffering from ADHD. They are also used to treat certain people suffering from ADHD in cases where other medications haven't helped.

While medication can aid in improving self-control and concentration, it is not the only option for those with ADHD. With the help of good sleep habits, healthy diets, and other self-help techniques it's possible to decrease, or even eliminate, the necessity for ADHD medication.