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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee you're probably aware that different kinds of beans can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, more tart flavor and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the global production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating the berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are able to thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffee beans coffees that work well with various brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee and is frequently preferred to achieve a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee bean around the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids can cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and does well in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

Although it might sound odd the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority of roasters use a mix of the two varieties to cut cost and maintain quality. To preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to select a premium bean from a supplier you are confident with. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinct aroma that is floral and fruity with smokey undertones. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee coffeee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it's ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure high-quality. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants are fertile, deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once thought to be a separate species, but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are cultivated on 20-30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They have a lighter scent and a lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were changed to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of online coffee beans. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. These beans are often used to give blends extra body and a rich, tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they can be flavored like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed globally. Robusta is rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

Once you've mastered the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste go for an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of robusta beans and arabica beans.