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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to blends of beans to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee and accounts for 75% of global coffee beans price beans produced. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and they are available in a variety of flavours. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing techniques used to produce it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became energy-rich after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee quickly became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of their arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create distinctive coffees that can be used in various brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is typically utilized to create an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids can cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica, and can thrive in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a efficient crop to grow.

While it might seem contradictory it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's likely that there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use combine the two varieties in order to cut costs and ensure quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's essential to choose a high-quality bean from a source you trust. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with subtle smoky undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes, and they can tolerate humid, hot climates. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. Online, you can buy the seeds from many sources. However, it's recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both tart and fruity, which has made them a popular choice in house blends. They have a more subtle flavor and lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be an entirely different species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry an intriguing dark flavor. They're frequently used in blends to provide extra body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are known for having a sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. When roasted and brewed properly they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee worldwide, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed worldwide. Robusta is rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

After you've learned about the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor opt for an arabica or a blend made up of robusta beans and arabica beans.