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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee, you likely already know that different types of beans have different flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of beans to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the conditions under the conditions it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee quickly became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of thriving when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending can control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is typically used to create an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee beans price per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible that there is also some robusta.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, most do mix both varieties to lower costs and preserve the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you must select the best quality beans from a trusted source. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a unique aroma that is fruity and floral with smoky undertones. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can thrive in low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. On the internet, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a distinct species, but has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are cultivated on 20-30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both fruity and tart, which has made them a sought-after option in blends made by home. They are also less heavy on flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still possess a unique quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to add extra body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They have a slight acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they may have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and is responsible for about 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and more round, but have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have a woody, earthy taste.

Now that you know the four most common types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor, choose an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of robusta and arabica beans.