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What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma refers to a plasma cell cancer that occurs due to monoclonal plasma cells growing in bone marrow. It is a blood cancer that affects bones, kidneys and the nervous system.

In the phase 3 trial, patients with myeloma with smoldering symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either dexamethasone or lenalidomide, along with daratumumab. Smoldering MM is defined by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria.

What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is cancer that affects plasma cells. Plasma cells are made in the bone marrow and help fight infections. They produce antibodies, which are able to fight viruses and bacteria. The antibodies are produced in excess by the multiple myeloma canadian pacific lung cancer cells. They can accumulate in the bones which weaken them and cause pain. They can also clog up the kidneys and make it difficult for them to filter out blood.

The signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary from person to person. They can be severe or mild. These symptoms can include bone pain, fatigue and a loss of appetite. If you experience any of these symptoms it is essential to consult a doctor. Your GP will review you and order urine and blood tests. If your doctor suspects multiple myeloma, you will be referred to by a haematologist.

Your doctor will determine if you have multiple myeloma by analyzing the results of your blood and canadian pacific Myelodysplastic syndrome urine tests as well as bone marrow biopsy and imaging tests. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed through a blood test that measures the amount and type of paraprotein. A MRI or CT scan of the spine, head, ribs and hips can aid in identifying areas with damaged bone. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan and FDG PET scan could be useful in detecting active cancer in the bone.

Hyperviscosity is a rare side condition that can cause serious complications, such as oronasal hemorrhage as well as retinal bleeding and confusion. Plasmapheresis may be used to treat this condition.

Diagnosis

Many people with myeloma have been diagnosed accidentally following blood tests or X-rays were taken for different reasons. Active monitoring is a method used by doctors to keep an eye on these patients. They do not require immediate treatment. They will start treatment when they experience symptoms such as canadian pacific kidney cancer damage or canadian pacific aplastic Anemia bone pain.

A blood test will be performed by healthcare providers to determine whether you have myeloma multiplex. This test is used to determine the level of a lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) protein (LDH). This test will show that you have healthy blood cells to replace the damaged ones. If you do not then you may be suffering from canadian pacific colon cancer.

Your healthcare provider may also perform imaging tests like a CT or CAT scan magnetic resonance imaging, and a Postron-emission Tomography test to look for changes in your bones. They may also perform bone-marrow biopsy to identify abnormal plasmacytomas as well as the amount of plasmacells that are present in your bone-marrow.

The results of these tests will be discussed by healthcare professionals, Canadian pacific Myelodysplastic syndrome who will explain what they mean. Your haematologist will keep track of your condition and recommend an appropriate treatment plan if you have been diagnosed with myeloma multiplex. They will prescribe medicine to stop the myeloma growing or worsening, and to relieve the symptoms. These include carfilzomib, lenalidomide and pomalidom.

Treatment

The aim of treatment is to decrease the number of plasma cells in the bone marrow and to destroy the proteins created by them. Chemotherapy drugs (often together) are used to accomplish this. Radiation can be targeted at specific parts of the body, or a larger area such as the chest (called total-body radiation). Steroids are often added to chemotherapy to prevent complications and control the pain.

Bone-modifying medications are also utilized to slow the loss of bone. They can include the thalidomide (Synvir, Thalomid) or lenalidomide (Revlimid, Kyprosis). In a clinical study the addition of bortezomib proved to be effective.

In certain situations the doctor canadian pacific myelodysplastic Syndrome might suggest an organ transplant using stem cells. There are two kinds of stem cell transplant - allogeneic and autologous. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation requires the donation of replacement blood stem cells taken from another person. Autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is when the stem cells for replacement come from the patient's bone marrow or blood.

The majority of patients suffering from multiple lymphoma will experience symptom improvement when they are responding to treatment. It is important to follow up with your health care professional regularly and track your symptom improvement. Your doctor will examine your calcium level, creatinine level (kidney function) hemoglobin levels in your blood (anemia) and bone scans to determine how well you are responding to treatment.

Prevention

Although scientists haven't discovered an effective way to fight multiple myeloma yet, people are able to take steps to lower their risk. There are numerous medications that can help relieve symptoms such as bone pain or anemia.

Most cases of myeloma can be diagnosed in individuals older than 60. It is more common in men and non-Hispanic Blacks. A family history of myeloma or other plasma cell diseases increases the chance of contracting it. Myeloma risk is increased due to exposure to ionizing radio waves and certain chemical however this is rare.

In the past doctors treated patients suffering from myeloma with stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy. This involves using high dose chemotherapy to kill canadian pacific laryngeal cancer cells, and then replacing them with healthy stem cells taken from your body or given by donors. After a set period of time your body will be repopulated with new cells that will replace the diseased cells. This treatment has helped improve survival rates and response to other treatments.

Researchers believe that understanding the molecular changes that occur when precursor conditions like monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), progress to multiple myeloma may lead to strategies that can stop the progression. Scientists at OSUCCC-James are conducting several studies to shed light on the subject and include PCROWD & PROMISE.

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