Electrical Wiring in North America

The Macintosh included a standard set of two ports for connection to a printer and a modem, but some PowerBook laptops had only one combined port to save space. The only connector specified in the original RS-232 standard was the 25-pin D-subminiature, however, many other connectors have been used to save money or save on physical space, what is control cable among other reasons. This connector has been standardized for RS-232 as TIA-574. While interfaces such as Ethernet, FireWire, and USB also send data as a serial stream, the term serial port usually denotes hardware compliant with RS-232 or a related standard, such as RS-485 or RS-422. Devices are divided into two categories: data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). If it is necessary to connect two DTE (or DCE) devices together, a cable with reversed TX and RX lines, known as a cross-over, roll-over or null modem cable must be used. 8P8C connectors are also used in many devices. 10P10C connectors can be found on some devices. Throughout most of the history of personal computers, data has been transferred through serial ports to devices such as modems, terminals, various peripherals, and directly between computers.

The unique design of flat ribbon cable assemblies allows them to be utilized in smaller devices with multiple connection points. Here is where we thoroughly put the cable assemblies through the wringer with a series of controlled testing in simulations of harsh conditions. We have made custom cable assemblies for every industry from the medical field to military applications and we stand behind every single one. Life saving medical equipment, control panels in manufacturing facilities, even communications satellites all rely on our products to work as designed, every time, no exceptions. Push pull or control cables generally consist of a casing, otherwise known as a conduit, that guides the mechanical cable to its destination, and protects it from particulates and other invasive environmental elements. This design allows flat ribbon cables to fold into smaller spaces and have multiple terminations at each end. A line that is an output on a DTE device is an input on a DCE device and vice versa, so a DCE device can be connected to a DTE device with a straight wired cable, in which each pin on one end goes to the same numbered pin on the other end.

We did it to be able to share our knowledge and expertise in custom cable and wire harnessing directly with our customers and end users. The EIA/TIA-561 standard defines a pinout using this connector, while the rollover cable (or Yost standard) is commonly used on Unix computers and network devices, such as equipment from Cisco Systems. However, this is far from universal; for instance, most serial printers have a female DB25 connector, but they are DTEs. Connectors mounted on DTE are likely to be male, and those mounted on DCE are likely to be female (with the cable connectors being the opposite). Generally, serial port connectors are gendered, only allowing connectors to mate with a connector of the opposite gender. In this circumstance, the appropriately gendered connectors on the cable or a gender changer can be used to correct the mismatch. Many models of Macintosh favor the related RS-422 standard, mostly using circular mini-DIN connectors.

His was an independent discovery: Campbell was aware of Heaviside's work in discovering the Heaviside condition, but unaware of Heaviside's suggestion of using loading coils to enable a line to meet it. Very low-cost systems, such as some early home computers, would instead use the CPU to send the data through an output pin, using the bit banging technique. This IC converts characters to and from asynchronous serial form, implementing the timing and framing of data specified by the serial protocol in hardware. A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port-more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the IBM XT compatible serial port hardware. Server computers may use a serial port as a control console for diagnostics, while networking hardware (such as routers and switches) commonly use serial console ports for configuration, diagnostics, and emergency maintenance access. These early home computers often had proprietary serial ports with pinouts and voltage levels incompatible with RS-232.